{"id":12047,"date":"2021-08-03T17:30:13","date_gmt":"2021-08-03T21:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/barbend.com\/?p=12047"},"modified":"2024-07-01T20:42:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T00:42:25","slug":"ketogenic-diet-strength-training","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/barbend.com\/ketogenic-diet-strength-training\/","title":{"rendered":"Should You Follow the Ketogenic Diet While Strength Training?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Anyone in the strength sports world who isn\u2019t training in a cave has surely heard of <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/types-of-diets\/\">the keto diet<\/a>. You know, the diet that lets you eat all the bacon and avocado that you can stomach while <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/body-conditioning\/\">shedding fat<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/anabolic-vs-catabolic\/\">maintaining muscle<\/a>, and still dominating your sport \u2014 all you have to do is give up carbs. But will it <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/how-to-increase-strength\/\">make you stronger<\/a>?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/ketogenic-diet-strength-training\/\">The ketogenic diet<\/a> hasn\u2019t shown any signs of slowing down since bursting onto the mainstream years ago, and it\u2019s still one of the hottest nutrition trends. And while there are many supposed benefits \u2014 like making our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/hsph-in-the-news\/keto-diet-navy-seals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Navy Seals even deadlier<\/a> \u2014 there\u2019s still some debate on whether or not it can aid strength athletes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Below, we\u2019ll dive a little deeper into that debate and determine whether athletes can get stronger on a low- or no-carb diet, and if ketosis will help them during their next meet.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-the-keto-diet-and-what-is-ketosis\">What is the Keto Diet, and What is Ketosis?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/keto-vs-paleo-diet\/\">The ketogenic diet<\/a>, or keto as it\u2019s more commonly known, is a high-fat diet designed to keep the body in a near-constant state of ketosis, a metabolic state where the body creates ketones from fat to use as energy instead of sugar from carbs (the body\u2019s primary and preferred energy source).<\/p>\n<p>A typical keto diet has 70 percent of your overall calories from fat, 25 percent from protein, and just five percent (about 50 grams) from carbohydrates \u2014 though some versions nix carbs altogether.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"videos\">\n<div class=\"video-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"container-lazyload preview-lazyload container-youtube js-lazyload--not-loaded\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=s_jfevHRpqQ\" class=\"lazy-load-youtube preview-lazyload preview-youtube\" data-video-title=\"Keto Diet for Beginners - Fat Loss, Sample Menu, and Brain Health\" title=\"Play video &quot;Keto Diet for Beginners - Fat Loss, Sample Menu, and Brain Health&quot;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=s_jfevHRpqQ<\/a><noscript>Video can&#8217;t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=s_jfevHRpqQ\" title=\"Keto Diet for Beginners - Fat Loss, Sample Menu, and Brain Health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keto Diet for Beginners &#8211; Fat Loss, Sample Menu, and Brain Health (https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=s_jfevHRpqQ)<\/a><\/noscript><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Editor\u2019s note: The content on BarBend is meant to be informative in nature, but it should not be taken as medical advice. The opinions and articles on this site are not intended for use as diagnosis, prevention, and\/or treatment of health problems. It\u2019s always a good idea to talk to your doctor before beginning a new fitness, nutritional, and\/or supplement routine. None of these supplements are meant to treat or cure any disease. If you feel you may be deficient in a particular nutrient or nutrients, please seek out a medical professional.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Generally, your body will begin producing ketones for fuel a few days after you <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/best-low-carb-protein-powders\/\">stop eating carbs<\/a> \u2014 a sure sign is when your breath starts to smell of acetone, a ketosis by-product. Incidentally, it kind of stinks like a mixture of fruit and nail polish remover, in which acetone is a key ingredient. (Note: The only true way to know if you\u2019re in ketosis is to test your ketone levels, which you can do with urine strips, a breathalyzer, or a blood ketone testing kit.)<\/p>\n<p>But don\u2019t worry \u2014 acetone is actually a ketone, and while it\u2019s also synthetically made in labs, it\u2019s also naturally produced in the body.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>These acetones are a backup energy source for the body. The body prefers carbs, which are digested and then broken down into glucose and converted into energy. Without substantial glucose, the body needs to find a way to continue providing energy to our vital organs (mostly, our brain).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In that sense, there are two forms of ketosis: natural ketosis and nutritional ketosis. Natural ketosis occurs when someone hasn\u2019t eaten carbs in a while \u2014 so if you\u2019re on a rigorous hike and forget to pack food, ketosis will kick in as a survival mechanism. Nutritional ketosis, on the other hand, is when ketosis is forced through diet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/dr-mike-t-nelson-podcast\/\">Dr. Mike T. Nelson<\/a>, CSCS, an adjunct professor at the Carrick Institute, whose Ph.D. focused on metabolic flexibility, breaks it down a little more.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you look at one of the main fuels the body can burn, carbohydrates and fat are the main two, and a layer down are the sort of \u2018subfuels,\u2019 lactate and ketones,\u201d he says. \u201cHistorically, ketones have not shown up in the body in enough quantities for the body to use unless you\u2019re starving. But you can get there via the ketogenic diet. When you do that, your body will start producing ketones, which can be used for fuel. Then you\u2019re in a state of ketosis.<\/p>\n<p>Although first suggested as a therapeutic tool by the Mayo Clinic in the 1920s, it wasn\u2019t until the late 20th century that ketosis gained popularity to treat epilepsy and other brain disorders. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epilepsy.com\/learn\/treating-seizures-and-epilepsy\/dietary-therapies\/ketogenic-diet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Some research<\/a> has shown that more than half of children with epilepsy who go on the diet experience at least 50 percent fewer seizures.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s always been its main use: therapeutic. There\u2019s also some shakier evidence that it can help the body fight cancerous tumors and prevent diabetes. (<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/ijc.28809\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s benefits like these that have spurred some corners of the health and fitness industry to try and stay in ketosis in their day-to-day lives. Author and entrepreneur Tim Ferriss has claimed it helped cure him of Lyme disease, and he continues to cycle ketogenic phases to this day. Celebrities like podcast host <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/ethan-suplee-joe-rogan-experience-podcast\/\">Joe Rogan<\/a>, Jersey Shore\u2019s Vinny \u201cthe Keto Guido\u201d Guadagnino, and Lebron James have also tried the diet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It may also help folks to <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/how-to-burn-fat\/\">burn more fat<\/a> while <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/maintain-muscle-mass-jogging\/\">retaining muscle<\/a>. The promise of a ripped middle mainly caused six-pack aficionados to perk up and the diet to spread like wildfire. From there came communities like Ketogains, where some members can be found swearing up and down, but eliminating carbs increases performance and aesthetics to unprecedented levels.<\/p>\n<div class=\"videos\">\n<div class=\"video-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"container-lazyload preview-lazyload container-youtube js-lazyload--not-loaded\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=FvkV-81dOQo\" class=\"lazy-load-youtube preview-lazyload preview-youtube\" data-video-title=\"10 Nutrition Myths That Need to Die (with Jordan Syatt)\" title=\"Play video &quot;10 Nutrition Myths That Need to Die (with Jordan Syatt)&quot;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=FvkV-81dOQo<\/a><noscript>Video can&#8217;t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=FvkV-81dOQo\" title=\"10 Nutrition Myths That Need to Die (with Jordan Syatt)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 Nutrition Myths That Need to Die (with Jordan Syatt) (https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=FvkV-81dOQo)<\/a><\/noscript><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><em>[Read More: The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/best-ab-exercises\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Best Ab Exercises<\/a>&nbsp;&amp; Workouts, According to a CPT]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The problem is that while there\u2019s some evidence that ketosis may not be detrimental for some endurance athletes, there\u2019s very, very little clinical evidence as to whether or not it can benefit strength athletes. But we know enough about how the body uses different energy systems to have a pretty good idea.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"when-keto-might-work-for-strength-athletes\">When Keto Might Work for Strength Athletes<\/h2>\n<p>The short answer: when you\u2019re working with low reps. Strength athletes who only have to eke out one to three reps utilize the body\u2019s ATP-CP energy system, which provides small amounts of energy in quick bursts. It\u2019s the first energy source utilized by the body during any exercise, and it\u2019s enough if you\u2019re not working out for extended periods of time. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4213384\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSince we don\u2019t have a lot of direct data, you have to ask what energy source are strength athletes using?\u201d says Nelson. \u201cIf we look at Olympic lifting and powerlifting, it\u2019s extremely explosive power, the duration of time is concise, so it\u2019s primarily the ATP-CP energy system. So, ketosis in those athletes may be OK because they\u2019re typically doing brief high output with pretty long rest periods.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He explains that if you\u2019re keeping sets between roughly one and three reps with long rest periods of three to five minutes, this may be long enough to regenerate the ATP levels (a method of intracellular energy transfer) even if you\u2019re in ketosis. However, more volume would require carbohydrates to replenish the body\u2019s energy stores that kick in once ATP-CP has been exhausted.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo I would say keto is OK \u2014 not great \u2014 but it\u2019s OK during peaking phases where volume is very low, and you have a very high-intensity effort as opposed to high volume,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/experts\/mike-israetel\/\">Dr. Mike Israetel<\/a>, an assistant professor of nutrition, exercise science, and public health at Temple University and co-founder of fitness company Renaissance Periodization. \u201cThe higher the total volume of work you perform in training, the more you\u2019re going to rely on glycogen and carbohydrate to potentiate that performance. In strength sports, because the work is typically not as high in duration, people can get away with lower carbs in general.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"when-keto-is-a-terrible-choice-for-strength-athletes\">When Keto is a Terrible Choice for Strength Athletes<\/h2>\n<p>High-rep activity causes energy systems to rely on carbohydrates, so keto isn\u2019t the best choice for strength sports that require lots of volume. That means anyone focusing on functional fitness, <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/crossfit\">CrossFit<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/strongman\">strongman<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/bodybuilding\">bodybuilding<\/a>, and any strength sport with high volume should probably stay away from keto.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_125050\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-125050\" style=\"width: 760px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-125050 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18.jpg\" alt=\"steak and vegetables\" width=\"760\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18.jpg 760w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-489x275.jpg 489w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-360x203.jpg 360w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-750x421.jpg 750w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-214x120.jpg 214w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-130x73.jpg 130w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-560x315.jpg 560w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-345x194.jpg 345w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-18-650x365.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-125050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">PRESSLAB\/Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe higher the volume of training, the worse keto starts to perform,\u201d Israetel continues, saying that he would even caution against it for sets of more than six reps. \u201cCrossFit is maybe the worst category of sports for which you should try to do keto. It\u2019s an incredibly terrible mismatch.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When exercising at a high intensity between one and three minutes, the body primarily uses the glycolytic energy system, which \u2014 as the name suggests \u2014 runs off of glucose, which comes from carbs. If you\u2019re in ketosis, your glycolytic system isn\u2019t running properly, and your performance suffers.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly enough, people on keto don\u2019t necessarily have low glycogen levels in their muscles. However, if you\u2019re in ketosis and your body thinks it needs to run on ketones, you may not be able to use those stored carbohydrates effectively. Even if your body has all the pieces to run its glycolytic system, it won\u2019t. (At least not well.)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s an access issue, not the amount that\u2019s being stored,\u201d says Nelson. \u201cIt\u2019s like a gas tanker truck being pulled over at the side of the road because it\u2019s out of gas. It\u2019s not like there\u2019s no gas in the tanker truck. It\u2019s that there\u2019s no direct line to the engine.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>While the volume is typically a little lower, the same rules apply for strongman; It\u2019s a sport that typically requires 30 to 90 seconds of more or less continuous output, which means it\u2019s an energy system that runs best on carbs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs the events turn from the shorter events to the longer events like stone loading, log for reps, deadlift for reps, you would pay for ketosis,\u201d says Israetel. \u201cYou\u2019ll have a couple of reps missed on everything. It\u2019s not recommended for performance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Endurance runners can sometimes manage well on ketosis because their sport is performed at a relatively low intensity, so an athlete can have some pretty decent performance using ketones as fuel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also important to note that while it may facilitate fat loss, ketosis is probably lousy for <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/how-to-gain-muscle\/\">muscle gain<\/a>. That\u2019s in part because insulin, despite misconceptions that it should be minimized at all costs, is actually highly anabolic.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn bodybuilding circles where low-carb diets like keto are the most popular, you\u2019ll see an interesting relationship where they\u2019re very popular but only in fat loss stages,\u201d says Israetel. \u201cBut in muscle gain phases, very few bodybuilders stay on low carbs.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"can-you-train-low-compete-high-while-on-keto\">Can You \u201cTrain Low, Compete High\u201d While on Keto?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<p>Short answer: No. In some corners of the fitness world, runners will train in ketosis to help their bodies better learn to use fat stores for energy, and then, right before a race, they\u2019ll consume a huge serving of carbohydrates. The idea is that the athlete will then be able to efficiently use both forms of fuel that have been adapted to other endurance sports, and while it\u2019s a nice theory, it doesn\u2019t really hold up in practice.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_125051\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-125051\" style=\"width: 760px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-125051\" src=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17.jpg\" alt=\"Medium rare steak\" width=\"760\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17.jpg 760w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-489x275.jpg 489w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-360x203.jpg 360w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-750x421.jpg 750w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-214x120.jpg 214w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-130x73.jpg 130w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-560x315.jpg 560w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-345x194.jpg 345w, https:\/\/barbend.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarBend-Article-Image-760-x-427-17-650x365.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-125051\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joshua Resnick\/Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cResearch didn\u2019t see much of a performance change, and that\u2019s probably because they gave them a whole ton of carbohydrates while the machinery to use them effectively was impaired,\u201d says Nelson, who notes that the right enzymes to use carbohydrates effectively were not present in high enough amounts. \u201cIt probably takes at least a couple of days and maybe a few weeks before those enzymes are back up and running at full steam.\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11090597\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3<\/a>)&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-intermittent-fasting-may-help-keto-athletes\">How Intermittent Fasting May Help Keto Athletes<\/h2>\n<p>Two of the hottest fitness trends may actually be able to work in conjunction with each other, at least according to Nelson. There are no studies examining the effect of combining keto and <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/intermittent-fasting-for-bodybuilders\/\">intermittent fasting<\/a>, but he claims his clients have been able to use better both forms of fuel (carbs and ketones) if they fast for a portion of the day.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe know that the ability to use fat during rest and low-intensity exercise is highly variable, ranging from 23 to 93 percent,\u201d he says. \u201cSo some can use it much more effectively than others. If I think someone\u2019s ability to use fat is impaired, I\u2019ll have them do periods of fasting of up to twenty-four hours or even longer to get that acute change in fat use without messing up their ability to use carbohydrates to the highest degree.\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11093921\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>He has his clients do long, slow, aerobic fasted training once or twice per day to minimize insulin and train their bodies to use fat as much as possible without producing the kind of enzyme changes seen in ketogenic athletes that can reduce the ability to use carbohydrates. \u201cI can give them carbs the very next day, and they can still use them to a high degree,\u201d he continues. \u201cSo I\u2019m not screwing up their ability to do strength and power-type activities.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-final-word\">The Final Word&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<p>To recap, there are sometimes that keto might be OK for strength athletes and others when it should be avoided.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keto won\u2019t hurt strength athletes who only pump out one to three reps per set, and have long rest periods in between.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Keto is disadvantageous to endurance athletes because the body relies on glucose from carbohydrates for any prolonged activity.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Combining <a href=\"https:\/\/barbend.com\/intermittent-fasting\/\">intermittent fasting<\/a> and the keto diet might help people utilize both energy stores (glucose and ketones) efficiently, though no studies prove its efficiency.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cPeople have been looking for the unique benefits of cutting carbohydrates out for a long time, and outside of some benefits in diseased populations, people with epilepsy, etc., there are just no benefits. It just won\u2019t happen,\u201d says Israetel. \u201cNot surprisingly, there\u2019s no big potentiation effect in anything when you remove something from your diet. So I think that the situation with keto is, can it work in some places where it\u2019s not terrible? Yes. Is it an enhancer? I\u2019ve never seen anything it enhances outside of some disease conditions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>We love bacon as much as the next person, but maybe don\u2019t forget the home fries.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Poff, A. M., Ari, C., Arnold, P., Seyfried, T. N., &amp; D\u2019Agostino, D. P. (2014). Ketone supplementation decreases tumor cell viability and prolongs the survival of mice with metastatic cancer. International Journal of Cancer, 135(7), 1711\u20131720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.28809<\/li>\n<li>Sahlin K. Muscle energetics during explosive activities and potential effects of nutrition and training. <em>Sports Med<\/em>. 2014;44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S167-S173. doi:10.1007\/s40279-014-0256-9<\/li>\n<li>Burke LM, Angus DJ, Cox GR, Cummings NK, Febbraio MA, Gawthorn K, Hawley JA, Minehan M, Martin DT, Hargreaves M. Effect of fat adaptation and carbohydrate restoration on metabolism and performance during prolonged cycling. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Dec;89(6):2413-21. doi: 10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.6.2413. PMID: 11090597.<\/li>\n<li>Goedecke JH, St Clair Gibson A, Grobler L, Collins M, Noakes TD, Lambert EV. Determinants of the variability in respiratory exchange ratio at rest and during exercise in trained athletes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;279(6):E1325-34. doi: 10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.6.E1325. PMID: 11093921.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>Featured Image: PRESSLAB\/Shutterstock<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anyone in the strength sports world who isn\u2019t training in a cave has surely heard of the keto diet. You know, the diet that lets you eat all the bacon and avocado that you can stomach while shedding fat, maintaining muscle, and still dominating your sport \u2014 all you have to do is give up carbs. 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